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Selenium Notes and interview Questions

 Selenium Architecture:

Selenium 3:

Selenium Client Library(Java,JS,python)----->JSON wire protocol---->WebDrivers--->browsers

Selenium 4:

Selenium client Library(Java,JS,Python)---->W3C Webdriver protocol--->WebDrivers---->Browsers

Driver launch:

// System.setProperty(“webdriver.chrome.driver”,”safjsanf.exe”);--->system set property not required,below code itself it launching the browser

WebDriver driver=new ChromeDriver();

WebDriver driver=new EdgeDriver();

WebDriver driver=new FireFoxDriver();

WebDriver driver=new SafariDriver()

//URl Launch

driver.get(“https://www.google.com”);

//Maximize

driver.manage().window().maximize();

//Locate Elements:

driver.findElement(By.id,name,cssSelector,className,linktext,partialLinkText,tagName,xpath

// Click method

webelement.click();

//clear method:

webelement.clear()

//nested findElement

WebElement element=webelement.findelement(By.id(““)).click() ;

//Sending value to the text box

webelement.sendKeys(“sangar” Bro)

//getting value of particular attribute:

String value=webElement.getAttribute(“value”);

// get Particular Text from webpage:

String text=webElement.getText();

//Check enabled:

boolean status=webelement.isEnabled();

// get location of button:

Point point=webelement.getLocation()

int x=point.getX()

int y=point.getY();

// get CSS value

String colu

// get size of button

Dimension dim=webElement.getSize()

int hight=dim.getHeight();

int width=dim.getWidth();

//Handling dropdowns:

By using select class

Select select=new Select(WebElement of Dropdown);

select.selectByIndex(1);

select.selectByValue(“SAngar”);

select.selectByVisibleText(“sangar”);

select.deselectByIndex(0);

select.deSelectByValue(“sanga”);

select.deSelectByVisibleText(“sangar”);

select.deSelectAll();

select.getFirstSelectedOption();

List<WebElement> allOptions=select.getOptions();

Handling Alert:

webElement.click();

Alert alert=driver.switchTo().alert()

alert.accept();

alert.sendKeys(“sangar”);

alert.dismiss();

String text=alert.getText();

//working with radio button,check boxes

webelement.isSelected();

webElement.click();

// window handling:

String parentWindow=driver.getWindowHandle();---->Returns parent window id

Set<STring> allWindows=driver.getWindowHandles();=------>contains all window ids.

for(String id:allWindows){

driver.switchTo().window(id);

if(driver.getTitle().contains(“Google”){

break;

}}

//perofrm operations in new window,then switch to old

driver.switchTo().window(oldWindow);

//close and quite

driver.close()---->only close current window

driver.quite()--->close entire browser

Handling Frames:

//count of frames can be retrieved through below way

List<WebElement> li=driver.findElements(By.tagName('iFrame'));

for(WebElement ele:li){

firstFrame=li.getText();

}

driver.switchTo().frame(0)---->here we can give index or frame name or frame id or frame element

driver.switchTo().defaultContent()---->Reseting the content and swtich back to non frame home page

XPAths:

Absolute and relative xpath:

Absolute:/html/head/body/

Relative://tagname[@attribute='value']

Strategies:

1.Locate with known attribute--->//*[@id='q']

2.Locate with known tag&attribute--->//tag[@id='q']

3.Locate with known visible text--->//*[text()='sangar']

4.locate with part of visible text---->//*[contains(text(),'sangar')]

5.Locate with multiple attributes---->//*[@id='qa][@tag='snagar'][@class='varial']

6.Locate with starts with------------->//*[starts-with(text(),'sangar')]

//*[normalise-space()=' asdnasn safjan ')]

7.Locate with contains in attribute---->//*[contains(@class,'partial')]

8.Locating parent------------>//*[@id='sanga']/parent::div

9.locating child----------->//*[@id='sangar']/child::div

10.locating ancestor------------>//*[@id='sangar']/ancestor::div

11.Locating following------------>//*[@id='sangar']//following::div

12.Locating preceding--------------->//*[@id='sangar']//preceding::div

13.Locating follwoing-sibling-------->//*[@id='sangar']//following-sibling::div

14.lcoating preceding-sibling---------->//*[@id='sangar']//preceding-sibling::div

Drag and Drop:

Actions action=new Actions(driver);

action.clickAndHold(fromElement).moveToElement(to).release().build().perform()

action.contextClick().buil().perform();

action.contextClick(WebElement).buil().perform();

action.doubleClick().build().perform()

action.doubleClick(WebElement).build().perform()

actions.click(Webelement).build().perform();

action.dragAndDrop(from,to).build().perform()

actions.sendKeys(“Sad”);

// working with selectable

actions.keyDown(Keys.CONTROL).click(first).click(second).click(third).keyUp(Keys.CONTROL).build().perform();

//tool tip

webElement.getAttribute(“title”);

// Auto complete:

driver.findElement(By.name(“searchBox”).sendKeys(“Ind”);

List<WebElement> li=driver.findElements(By.xpath(“//li”));

for(WebElement ele:li){

if(ele.getText().equalsIgnoreCase(”India”)){

ele.click();

break;

}}}}

// verify file download and check

webElement.click();

File file=new File(“c//downloads”);

File[] files=file.listFiles();

for(File file:files){

if(file.getName().contains(“Ecc.xlsx”){

sysout(“File downloaded successfully”);

break;

}}}}

// uploading a File

String filePath=”snc.xlsx”;

//if this element is in input tage, sometimes normal sendkeys will work

StringSelection selection=new StringSelection(filePath);

ToolKit.getDefaultToolKit().getClipboard().setContents(selection,null);

Robot robot=new Robot();

robot.keyPress(KeyEvent.VK_Control);

robot.keyPress(KeyEvent.VK_V);

robot.keyRelease(KeyEvent.VK_Control);

robot.keyRelease(KeyEvent.VK_V);

robot.keyPress(KeyEvent.VK_ENTER);

robot.keyRelease(KeyEvent.VK_ENTER);

or

new Actions(driver).keyDown(Keys.control).sendKeys(“v”).keyUp(Keys.Control).KeyDown(Keys.ENTER).KeyUp(Keys.ENTER).build().perform();

// find broken image from the webpage

1.one way

List<WebElement> list=driver.findElements(By.tagName(“img”));

for(WebElement ele:list){

String link=ele.getAttribute(“src”);

if(link==null||link.isEmpty()){

continue;

}URL url=new URL(link);

HTTPURlConnection connection=(HTTPURLConnection)url.openConnection();

connection.setRequestMethod(“GET”);

connection.connect();

if(connection.getResponseCode()!=200){

sysout(“Broken image”+link);

2.second way:by fetching natural width of the image

List<Webelements> li=driver.findElements(By.tagname('img”);

for(WebElement element:li){

if(element.getAttribute(“naturalWidth”).equals(“0”){

sysout(this is broken image”+element);

Broken Links:

List<WebElement> ele=driver.findElements(By.tagName(“a”));

for(WebElement e:ele){

String link=e.getAttribute(“href”);

driver.get(link);

driver.getTitle().equals(404).--->this is broken link

Selenium Exceptions:

  • PArent : WebDriver Exception

  • NoSuchElementException

  • StaleElementReferernceException--->retry,relocate,expliicit wait

  • UnhandledAlertException

  • NoAlertPresentException

  • InvalidElementStateException

  • ElementNotVisibleException

  • ElementNotSelectable

  • NosuchFrame

  • NoSuchSession

  • NoSuchWindowHandle

  • timeoutException

  • SessionNotCreated

  • JavaScriptExceution

  • ElementClickInterceptedException

Waits:

  • Implicit wait:

    • driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofSeconds(30));

    • We cant set any conditions

    • and it is not suitable for invisible,not interactable elements

  • Explicit Wait:Allow us to set the webdriver to wait for some conditions

    • WebDriverWait wait=new WebDriverWait(driver,Duration.ofSeconds(30));

    • WebElement elemenbt=wait.until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(element);

    • element.click();

    • ExpectedConditions:

      • elementToBeClickable

      • elementToBeSelected

      • presenceOfElementLocate

      • texttoBePresentInElement

      • refreshed

  • Fluent Wait:

    • we can set some polling time,handle the exception

    • Wait<WebDriver> wait=new FluentWait<WebDriver>(driver).withTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(20).pollingEvery(Duration.ofseconds(5))

    • .ignoring(Exception.class);

  • WebElement element=wait.until(driver->driver.findElement(By.id('q'));

  • element.click();

GET

Navigate().to()

not stores the huistory

stores the history

catn go back,refresh,forward

can go forward,back,refresh

Screenshot Taking:

1.using TakesScreenshot interface

TakesScreenshot ts=(TakesScreenshot) driver;

File file=ts.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE);

File dest=new File(“sanga.jpeg”);

FileUtils.copyFile(file,dest);

or

FilHandler.copy(file,dest);

2.Using robot class:

Robot robot=new Robot()

Dimension dim=Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().getScreenSize();

Rectangle rect=new Rectangle(dim);

BufferedImage img=robot.createScreencapture(rect);

File file=new file(“sangar.png”);

ImagoIO.write(img,”png”,file);

Different ways to Refresh the browser:

1.driver.get(driver.getCurrentUrl());

2.driver.navigate().to(“sanga.com”)

driver.navigate().refresh();

3.using JS executor:

JavaScriptExecutor js=(JAvascriptExecturo) driver;

js.executeScript(“location.reload()”)

or

js.executeScript(“history.go(o)”);

4.Using Robot class:

Robot robot=new Robot();

robot.KeyPress(KeyEvent.VK_F5);

robot.KeyRelease(KeyEvent.VK_F5);

Different ways to maximize:

1.using chrome arguments

ChromeOptions options=new ChromeOptions();

options.addArguments(“--start-maximized”);

2.driver.manage().window().maximize();

3.driver.manage().window().setSize(new Dimension(300,400));

Launch browser:

1.System.setProperty(“webdriver.chrome.driver”,”sjasd.exe”);

2.WebDriverManager.chromeDriver().setup();

3.WebDriver driver=new EdgeDriver();

4.by setting driver in environment variable

Handling authentication Popup:

1.If it is web based popup we can simply use Alert to handle it.

Alert alrert=driver.switchTo().alert();

alert.sendKeys(“Sangar”+Keys.TAB+”SAngar”);

alert.accept();

2.Window based popup we can use third party tools like AutoIT

1.We have to download autoit editor

2.once the popup came,we have to locate the username box,password box using autoITelement locator

3.it will give some title,class,instance by using that we have write the scritp

4.first find username box--->ControlFocus=(“Class”,””,”Edit1”)

5.set the username--->Control SetText=(“Class”,””,”Edit1”,”sangar”)

6.second find password box--->ControlFocus=(“Class”,””,”Edit1”)

7.second set passwor--->ControlSetText=(“Class”,””,”Edit1”,”Sangar@11”);

8.set the click button-->Control click=(“Class”,””,”Button1”)

Upload scernario:

1.set the file name--->Control SetText=(“Class”,””,”Edit1”,”pathof file.resume.txt”)

2.set the click open-->Control click=(“Class”,””,”Button1”)

9.Save this script as AutoIT file

10.right click -->Compile script x64

11.Now refer this file

RunTime.getRunTime().exec(“sdja.exe”);

3.passing username password along with URl itself

https://admin:sangar123@atlaxhxm.com

Ways to Press Enter:

1.driver.findElement(By.xpath(““//a”)).sendKeys(“Sangar”+Keys.ENTER);

2.element.sendKeys(“Sangar\n”)

3.element.submit();

4.new Robot().keyPress(KeyEvent.VK_ENTER),new ROBot().KeyRelease(KeyEvent.VK_ENTER);

Switch to Active Element:

driver.switchTo().activeElement().sendKeys(“Samgar”);

scrolling:

1.Using JS Executor:

JavaScriptExecutor js=(JavaSCriptExecutor)driver;

js.executeScript(“window.scroll(0,-450)”,””)-------->scroll up

js.executeScript(“window.scroll(0,450)”,””)--------->scroll down

js.executeScript(“0,document.body.scrollHeight”,””);------------>Bottom of the page

js.executeScript(“window.scroll(0,0)”);-------------->scroll to top

js.executeScript(“arguments[0].scrollIntoView(true)”,element);

2.Using robot:

new Robot().keyPress(KeyEvent.PAGE_down);

new Robot().keyRelease(KeyEvent.PAGE_down);

new Robot().keyPress(KeyEvent.PAGE_UP);

new Robot().keyRelease(KeyEvent.PAGE_UP);

MouseHover:

Actions actions=new Actions(driver);

actions.moveToElement(element).build().perform();

Text underlined:

driver.findElement(By.id(“sangar”)).getCSSValue(“text-decoration“);

Assert vs Verify:

Assert-->once assert fails next line of code wont execute

Verify-->Softassert--->if Assert fails it allow us to execute next lines of codes

SoftAssert assert=new SoftAssert();

assert.asserEquals(String actual,String expected,String message);

JUnit assertion:

Assert.assertEquals(String message,String expected,String actual);

Sending values:

1.js.executeScript(“arguments[0].value='sangar'“,searchBox);

2.using robot

driver.swtichTo().activeElement();

Robot

Launch URL:

js.executeScript(“window.location='https:www.google.com”)

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